CLEAR EXPLANATION OF SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
In Transformers Part 1, a
transformer was defined as a stationary equipment which transforms power
from one voltage level to another through electromagnetic induction.
After learning the theory of operation of transformers, it is necessary
to know the basic parts of an electrical transformer. Take note that the
transformer used in my example is a single phase distribution transformers. These are transformers mostly mounted on pole to deliver power to residential and commercial establishments.
As shown in the figure, the basic parts of a distribution transformer are as follows:
A. Hand Hole –The hand hole, as the name implies, serves as an access point of a technician to tap changers/mechanisms located inside the tank without the need of opening the cover. Most modern transformers have tap changers located outside the tank for convenience.
B. Lifting Lugs – This is used, where the hook/rope is connected, for lifting, either using a hoist or a crane.
C. Terminal Markings (Secondary) – The markings provide identification about the terminals of a transformer.
D. LV Bushing – The bushing is made of porcelain. It serves as the output and is the low voltage side of the transformer, which usually supplies power on residential/commercial establishments.
E. Ground Tap – As the name implies, this is where the grounding of the transformer is connected.
F. Transformer Markings – Are markings which indicate the capacity (in Kilovolt-amperes) of a transformer and its voltage output.
G. Radiator Fins –This is the cooling mechanism of a transformer. The cooling mechanism of a transformer depends on the size or rating of the transformer. The bigger the rating, the more cooling mechanisms are used. Take note that in order to maintain operation of the transformer for a long period of time, it is necessary to keep the temperature to be stable.
H. Casing (Tank) – It is generally made of steel. It encloses the core-coil and is the container for the liquid coolant/insulant.
I. HV Bushing – This is the bushing for the high voltage side of the transformer. It is usually made of solid porcelain. This is the input of the transformer.
J. Pressure Relief Device – This is a spring loaded device which releases excess pressure.
K. Mounting Lugs – This is usually used if the transformer is mounted on poles. It is connected on a transformer cluster which is connected on a pole.
L. Tap Changer – This sets the ratio of the HV and LV windings. Most distribution transformers have taps ± 5%, ± 2.5% and 0.
M. Nameplate – Contains all data about the distribution transformer it is connected to.
N. Core – Part of a transformer that serves as a path for the flow of magnetic flux. There are two types of transformer core, the Shell type and the Core type. The core is inside the tank.
• Core Type – The core is in the form of a rectangular frame with coils placed on two vertical sides. They are divided, part of each primary and secondary on each of the two vertical legs.
• Shell Type – The core surrounds the coils, instead of the coils surrounding the core.
O. Windings – Arrangement of conductors wound on an insulating form with each turn insulated from all the other turns. This usually determines the rating of the transformer as the winding is designed by the amount of current it can carry.
Basic Parts of the Distribution transformer
As shown in the figure, the basic parts of a distribution transformer are as follows:
A. Hand Hole –The hand hole, as the name implies, serves as an access point of a technician to tap changers/mechanisms located inside the tank without the need of opening the cover. Most modern transformers have tap changers located outside the tank for convenience.
B. Lifting Lugs – This is used, where the hook/rope is connected, for lifting, either using a hoist or a crane.
C. Terminal Markings (Secondary) – The markings provide identification about the terminals of a transformer.
D. LV Bushing – The bushing is made of porcelain. It serves as the output and is the low voltage side of the transformer, which usually supplies power on residential/commercial establishments.
E. Ground Tap – As the name implies, this is where the grounding of the transformer is connected.
G. Radiator Fins –This is the cooling mechanism of a transformer. The cooling mechanism of a transformer depends on the size or rating of the transformer. The bigger the rating, the more cooling mechanisms are used. Take note that in order to maintain operation of the transformer for a long period of time, it is necessary to keep the temperature to be stable.
H. Casing (Tank) – It is generally made of steel. It encloses the core-coil and is the container for the liquid coolant/insulant.
I. HV Bushing – This is the bushing for the high voltage side of the transformer. It is usually made of solid porcelain. This is the input of the transformer.
J. Pressure Relief Device – This is a spring loaded device which releases excess pressure.
K. Mounting Lugs – This is usually used if the transformer is mounted on poles. It is connected on a transformer cluster which is connected on a pole.
L. Tap Changer – This sets the ratio of the HV and LV windings. Most distribution transformers have taps ± 5%, ± 2.5% and 0.
M. Nameplate – Contains all data about the distribution transformer it is connected to.
N. Core – Part of a transformer that serves as a path for the flow of magnetic flux. There are two types of transformer core, the Shell type and the Core type. The core is inside the tank.
• Core Type – The core is in the form of a rectangular frame with coils placed on two vertical sides. They are divided, part of each primary and secondary on each of the two vertical legs.
• Shell Type – The core surrounds the coils, instead of the coils surrounding the core.
O. Windings – Arrangement of conductors wound on an insulating form with each turn insulated from all the other turns. This usually determines the rating of the transformer as the winding is designed by the amount of current it can carry.
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